Our Guide to Understanding Slot Machine Algorithms

2023 blew 2022 out of the water as far as iGaming revenues were concerned. According to data from Statista, iGaming revenues in 2023 broke past $85 billion compared to $72 billion in 2022—and it’s a known fact that slot machines generate most of the iGaming industry’s turnover. And that number is only set to grow in the coming years.

The appeal is universal. Players simply need to go to their favorite brick-and-mortar or online casino, insert some cash or deposit funds, and start spinning the reels to win real money or the jackpot. But there’s more than meets the eyes to achieve the outcomes of those spins. In this day and age, whether you play a traditional or modern slot machine, both employ sophisticated computer technology that uses algorithms to determine purely random outcomes including losing spins, marginal and substantial wins—and eye-watering jackpots. 

These advanced algorithms are governed by a piece of software called a Random Number Generator (RNG). RNGs are essentially computer tools that pick a random sequence of numbers to ensure every spin is completely unpredictable. The allure behind the randomness of the slot machine algorithm and variety of fun ways to win in slot games is due to the random number generator, which also keeps the game fair and exciting. 

Want to learn what goes under the hood of your favorite physical and online slots? Read on to find out.

What is a Slot Machine Algorithm?

Slot machine algorithms refer to the underlying rules, logic, and calculations that determine the outcomes of spinning the reels on a slot machine. While they might appear random at first glance, these slot machine algorithms are designed to ensure a consistent level of profit for online casinos over the long haul—and they are generated by random number generators (RNGs).

In essence, random number generators are computer programs that generate random numbers that determine the outcome of the spinning reels, whether it is a winning spin or a losing spin. They ensure that every outcome is completely random and completely independent of the previous one, leaving every outcome entirely up to the algorithm-generated result. The slot machine calculation algorithm is so complex that predicting the next number in the sequence is next to impossible. 

The Role of RNG (Random Number Generator)

Due to the remote and fully digital nature of licensed online casinos like Instant Casino, one of their critical requirements is to provide fair, transparent gaming. Online casinos satisfy these requirements for online slots by using random number generators. RNGs are computer-generated algorithms that online casinos use to randomize the results of their games, including the symbols that land on a particular reel. RNGs generate a sequence of numbers where each number corresponds to a symbol on the reels, which cannot be predicted by any means other than pure chance and happenstance. 

There are two main categories of random number generators: 

• Hardware Random Number Generator (HRNG). This random number generator generates “genuine” random numbers. These random numbers aren’t computed values that an algorithm performs repeatedly. Instead, they are completely random because there isn’t even a repeated set of numbers or a set algorithm to figure them out. It is for these reasons why they are also referred to as true random number generators (TRNGs).
• Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG). This random number generator generates numbers that only appear to be random. In essence, if you know the current state of the PRNG, you can, in theory, recreate the generated random number sequence.

Slot Machine Logic: Behind the Spins

Here’s what goes under the hood each time you spin the reels on your favorite online slots. 

First, the underlying software sets up the algorithm with a seed value. In order for something to execute repeatedly, there needs to be a beginning value. This is the seed value. It is derived from any one of a set number of repeated actions or operations happening in the computer. These could come in the form of running processes, mouse clicking patterns, a particular sequence of keystrokes, or even the computer’s clock.

Within the context of slots, each symbol on a particular reel is assigned a specific value. When you spin the reels on an online slot machine, the RNG algorithm generates hundreds of random numbers by the second. The sequence of numbers that are generated when the reels stop spinning determine which symbols appear on your device’s screen at that exact point in time. The sequence of symbols on the reels as dictated by the numbers they represent will determine if you win or lose on the spin and by how much you win or lose. That’s the quick rundown on the randomness of online slots. 

Another major factor to consider is the unique weighted value of each symbol. For instance, a slots title with 24 symbols per reel, means the chances of a particular symbol on a given reel are 1 out of 24 and totally random.

Lower symbols are typically more heavily weighted. The chances of landing a lower weighted symbol is higher than the chances of landing a more heavily weighted symbol, such as bonus symbols or a set of bonus symbols to trigger a bonus game (which requires an even higher degree of randomness). The process itself is random—but online casino players need to be 100% sure of that fact. It is for this reason why every trustworthy, reputable online casino like Instant Casino gets regularly audited by independent third parties to ensure the integrity of their RNGs.

How Do Slot Machine Algorithms Work?

Slot machine algorithms work through the random number generator, which is a computer that generates numbers every millisecond using a mathematical algorithm. The numbers match different symbols on the reels. 

The random number generator picks a number each time a player spins the reels. The said number represents an outcome following the game’s rules, which may cause a certain sequence of symbols to land on the reels. Each lever pull or spin of the reels triggers the RNG, which decides the result of the round. 

The system is built to constantly change the combinations., which happens even when the slot machine isn’t played. Every spin is different and not based on the results of previous spins or outside factors. Game outcomes arising from RNGs are tested for their integrity by independent third parties, preventing tampering and maintaining the fairness of each game.

Step-by-Step Process of Slot Machine Calculation Algorithm

As we have established earlier, slot machines use RNGs to determine the outcome each spin. RNGs use complex mathematical algorithms using a sequence of randomly-generated numbers. Here’s a general step-by-step breakdown of how the slot machine calculation algorithm determines each spin’s outcome:

1. Determination of seed value. The RNG first determines a seed value. This could come in the form of a set of system data, current time, random numbers generated from physical sources such as ambient, atmospheric noise, or even the computer’s clock. 
2. Complex mathematical algorithm. The aforementioned seed value will then be fed to a complex mathematical equation that produces a new number value. This number will then serve as the seed value for the next iteration, which repeats. 
3. Mapping of outcomes. Each generated number value corresponds to a particular outcome on the reels.
4. Reel stop generation. When you spin the reels, the RNG generates a series of numbers that determine where each reel will stop.

Payback Percentage and House Edge

House edge and payback percentage—also known as return to player (RTP)—consists of two perspectives. House edge refers to the online casino’s long-term advantage over the player, and payback percentage or RTP refers to the theoretical percentage that an online casino game is designed to pay out to players over a given time frame. Understanding the relationship between house edge and RTP is important because these statistics boost player engagement without compromising an iGaming operator’s revenues.

For instance, a slot game with a 96% RTP means that it has a 4% house edge. The 96% RTP or payback percentage means that the game in question is designed to pay back an average of $96 for every $100 wagered. This payback percentage is calculated by the iGaming software providers based on the odds of different outcomes and probability of different payouts. 

RTP is the best indicator of any given slot machine’s payback percentage. However, it must be noted that the RTP is indicative of long-term results, because the figure was determined through millions of simulated spins.

The house edge, on the other hand, is essentially the difference between 100% and the RTP rate. If the RTP and payback percentage is your advantage, the house edge indicates the casino operator’s advantage. The higher the house edge, the greater the casino’s advantage. For instance, a slot game with 94% RTP and a 6% house edge will, over time, pay back players worse than a slot game with a 96% RTP and a 4% house edge. 

That’s why it’s always better for players to play slots with higher RTPs due to their lower house edge—it guarantees that you wouldn’t end up losing too much money when playing. 

Common Misconceptions About Slot Machine Algorithms

These digital counterparts to the traditional slot machines found in brick-and-mortar casinos have become the most popular games in online casinos, with online slots wowing players with their immersive gameplay, vivid graphics, and colorful themes. However, the popularity of online slots has given rise to a bevy of myths and misconceptions about online slots that cloud the realities of the game—particularly when it comes to random number generators in slot machines. Let’s take a deep dive and dispel the most prevalent myths about RNGs in online slots and unearth the truth behind them as follows: 

• A slot machine pays more at certain times. A common misconception is that certain slot machines pay more during peak hours or during a particular time frame, leading some players to believe they have a better shot at winning when they play at said times. However, random number generators run 24/7/365 irrespective of time of day, ensuring every spin has an equal chance of winning or losing all the time. 
• Hot and cold machines. Experienced slots players often categorize slot games as hot or cold under the misconception that a machine that hasn’t paid out in a while will soon rattle off a series of wins or a big jackpot, and vice versa. However, the RNG guarantees that every spin returns a completely independent outcome that does not affect future possibilities.
• State size changes probabilities. Another misconception is that betting with larger stakes gives players a better chance of a winning result. But since the random number generator treats all spins equally, it guarantees that each spin gives the same chance of winning or losing regardless of bet size. Raising the stakes won’t change those probabilities. 
• Special betting strategies can break the algorithms. Some players believe they can look for patterns or employ betting strategies that will beat the algorithm. However, nothing can be further from the truth. The random number generator makes it virtually impossible to predict or influence outcomes, nor can players foreshadow or strategize them.

The Myth of Predictable Patterns

Some players believe that online slots follow predictable patterns, giving them the mistaken notion that they can “anticipate” when a machine pays out. However, this myth originates from a misunderstanding of how random number generators work. As we mentioned earlier, random number generators ensure that each spin of the reel produces a completely random result, with no connection whatsoever to previous spins and no bearing on future spins. Online slots do NOT operate on patterns, making it impossible to predict when the next winning combination will appear. The misguided belief in strategies of “waiting” or chasing losses based on completely imaginary patterns is futile, and could lead to irresponsible gaming.

Do Slot Machines Get Tighter or Looser Over Time?

Another common misconception is that slot machines change their payout frequency based on time or recent payouts, making them “tighter” or “looser” over time. Some slot machines are said to be either tight or loose, making them less or more likely to grant a win. Despite the fact that every outcome of every slot machine is completely independent and random, that doesn’t prevent people from believing in irrational superstitions. When a slot is considered “tight,” it is considered less likely to produce a win. The idea behind this myth is that betting establishments supposedly “rig” these machines to pay less frequently so that players lose more than they win. 

“Loose” slot machines, on the other hand, are more likely to pay out. According to gambling superstitions, casinos place loose machines in certain locations to draw players in. Whenever a crowd of people see a player winning at a supposedly “loose” machine, they’re more likely to sit down and try their luck as well. 

However, this is all patently false. All physical and online slots wins are products of complete randomness and happenstance. While it is entirely possible to go on an insane run of luck every now and then, there isn’t such a thing as a “tight” or “loose” online slot machine. It’s more productive to check the RTP, house edge, and volatility rating to understand your chances before playing.

Conclusion

Ultimately, slots have fixed mechanics dictated by slot machine algorithms and random number generators. No amount of strategizing or tracking historical performances can improve a person’s odds of winning. However, you can give yourself the best chances of winning by selecting high-RTP slots with low to medium volatility. These slot games provide the best returns as proven by statistical probability, giving you the best shot to hit wins and prevent you from exhausting your bankroll. 

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a pattern to slot machines?

No. There is no discernible pattern to the results that slot machines give. While it may appear as though there are patterns or streaks, these are merely created by the inherent randomness of the game. Random number generators ensure that every spin gives the player an equal chance of winning and losing—and the fact that each spin is completely independent of the previous result, it is impossible to predict slot machine outcomes based on past results. 

Are slots programmed?

One of the most persistent and enduring myths of slot machines is the misconception that they can be rigged or tampered with to ensure players lose each time they spin. However, nothing can be farther from the truth. While it is perfectly understandable why skepticism towards online gambling is valid, Instant Casino and other reputable online casinos of its ilk are subject to the most stringent regulations and audits to guarantee the utmost fairness.

Are slot machines 100% random?

Yes, slot machines and online slots use random number generators to determine the result of every spin to ensure that all outcomes are fandom and fair. Licensing authorities conduct regular strict audits to provide a level playing field for all players.

Are slots 100% luck?

Slots are a matter of luck. While there are strategies that help you manage your bankroll and help extend your playing sessions, the outcome of every spin is ultimately determined by random number generators. In other words, there is no skill involved in slots, nor is there a guaranteed method to record consistent wins when playing slots.